Which of the following is NOT a basis for proper venue under the VERB framework?

Which of the following is NOT a basis for proper venue under the VERB framework?

• A. Defendant travel history
• B. Habitually engages in a vocation
• C. Resides
• D. Employed

Answer: (A)

In the VERB framework, proper venue is tied to where the defendant has meaningful ties to the forum—places tied to the defendant’s residence, employment, or where they regularly conduct business. These connections show why a particular court is appropriately equipped to handle the dispute and where witnesses and evidence are likely to be located. Defendant’s travel history does not establish a current, ongoing connection to a specific forum. It doesn’t indicate where the defendant lives, works, or habitually conducts business, so it doesn’t create a proper venue basis. By contrast, where the defendant resides or is employed clearly pinpoints a natural and convenient location for litigation, and where the defendant habitually engages in a vocation signals the place where their ordinary business activities occur, which is also a valid venue basis.

In the VERB framework, proper venue is tied to where the defendant has meaningful ties to the forum—places tied to the defendant’s residence, employment, or where they regularly conduct business. These connections show why a particular court is appropriately equipped to handle the dispute and where witnesses and evidence are likely to be located.

Defendant’s travel history does not establish a current, ongoing connection to a specific forum. It doesn’t indicate where the defendant lives, works, or habitually conducts business, so it doesn’t create a proper venue basis. By contrast, where the defendant resides or is employed clearly pinpoints a natural and convenient location for litigation, and where the defendant habitually engages in a vocation signals the place where their ordinary business activities occur, which is also a valid venue basis.